Adding-machine.



N5. 727,392. PATBNTBD MAY 5, 1903,

J. L. LEVIN.

ADDING MACHINE.

APPLIOATIoN FILED MAY 2e, 1902.

No MODEL.

WITNESSES. INVENTOR.

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UNITED STATES Patented May 5, 1903. I

.IUDAH L. LEVIN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.

ADDING-MACHINE.

sPncIrIcAfrioN forming# parte? Letters :Patent No. 727,392, dated May5,1903.

Application filed May 26, 1902.k

To all wtont it may concern:

Be it known that I, JUDAH L. LEvIN, a citizen of the United States ofAmerica, residing at Detroit, in the county of NVayne and State ofMichigan, have invented vcertain new and useful Improvements inAdding-Machines, of which the following is a-specitication, refer'- encebeing had therein to the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to new and useful improvements inadding-machines, and has for its object to make a machine which shall becheap, simple of operation, and capable of addition or subtraction, andin which the parts shall be locked at each and every step,

so that there may be no error due to lost mo-V tion of the parts or thetoo-rapid manipulation of the machine, and in which the keys only of ahigher denomination are capable of being adected by the key inoperation, those of a lower denomination remaining unaffected;

To this end the invention consists of a series of shafts carrying wheelsor vgears arranged in pairs on the adjacent shafts, the wheels of bothpairs being preferably fast on one shaft and sleeved upon the othershaft, the fast and loose wheels on the same shaft having aratchet-and-pawl connection with each other, whereby upon each completerevolution of the shaft of lesser denomination a one-tenth revolution isimparted to the loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft of higherdenomination and through the medium of said ratchet-and-pawl connectionto the fast wheels thereon, which with each complete revolution impartsa one-tenth revolution to the next adjacent shaft of higherdenomination, and so on throughout the machine, the notch and tooth onthe fast wheels being so arranged in relation to each other and inrelation tothe scallops and teeth of the loose wheels respectively, thatwhen the scalloped wheel is in engagement with the notch of the fastwheel, which is only at 9 and O, the tooth of the fixed gear-wheelprevents the scalloped wheel from turning through the medium of a loosegear iixedly secured in relation to said scalloped wheel, and when thetooth of the fixed gear-wheel is not in engagement with the loosegear-wheel, which occurs always except at 9 and 0, the scallops of thescalloped wheel it the periphsain 110.108,934. (Nomaden ery of the fixedwheel and prevent' the key under manipulation from affecting the nextadjacent key t'o the right of lesser denomination,while the nextadjacent key to the left of greater denomination is'free to be affectedwith each complete revolution. Thus only the keys of higher numericalvalue are' affected, While those of lesser value remain unaffected inthe manipulation of the machine, whether in addition or subtraction.

The invention consists, further, in the peculiar construction,arrangement, and jcombination of parts, all as more fully hereinafter'described,and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l isaplan view of my machine with the cover removed, showing one of the keysin horizontal section. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof, the casingbeing broken away to better show the interior parts along the line a z,Fig. l; and Fig. 3, ai plan View showinga modified form.

VAs shown inthe drawings, Ais the casing, provided with the front andrear walls B C, in which are j ournaled the series of parallellyarrangedhorizontal shafts D, carrying the number-carrying wheels E 'andIbeginning with the right representing units, tens, hundreds, thousands,tens of thousands, dac.

F represents wheels fast upon the shafts by means of set-screws Hpassing through the hubs I, andv G represents wheels of slightlylarger`diameter secured to the sides of the V'wheels' or formed integraltherewith. The

wheels F are formed with notched or cut-out portions con opposite sides,and the wheels G with a corresponding set of teeth b in dia metricalline therewith.

'J K are gear-wheels sleeved upon the shafts, each preferably formedwith twenty teeth, and L represents Wheels also sleeved on said shaftsintermediate said gear-wheels, all of said wheels being secured togetherin any suitable manner. I

c represents scallops, preferably twenty in number, formed in the edgeof the wheel L and adapted to tit the peripheryof the wheel F, so' thatthe wheel L can only be turned by the operation of its own key when thenotch c of the wheel F registers therewith and then only through thespace of one tooth, the wheel F -bein g free to rotate all the time. Theteeth IOO of the gears J, with which the teeth on the wheel G areadapted to mesh, are preferably formed with oppositelyinclined ends d,so that when the notch a on the wheel F is in position for permittingthe turning of the wheel L (which is only at 9 and 0) the inclined endsof the teeth will engage against the end of the tooth h, with theinclined end d parallel with the outer face of the tooth h, as shown inFig. 2, and prevent the wheel from turning, so that in no position ofthe parts are the wheels capable of transmitting motion to the nextadjacent shaft or key of lower denomination,V

but at the same time are always free to receive motion from said key orto permit the operation of either key.

M is a spring-backed pawl carried by the disk or wheel G and pivotallymounted thereon and coperating with the teeth ofthe wheel K, so that asmotion is imparted to the loose wheels J K L on the neXt shaft of higherdenomination by the tooth h on the gear G to the right meshing with theteeth of the gear J it will in turn impart a corresponding motion to thekey or shaft upon which said loose gears are mounted through the mediumof said ratchet-and-pawl engagement with the fixed wheels, the power toturn the shaft not being sufficient to lift the pawl out of engagementwith the ratchet-teeth. The pawl thus performs two functions-that is, itcenters the 'parts at each twentieth of a revolution and forms the meansfor transmitting motion from the loose to the fixed wheels on the shaft.It will of course be understood that the position of the ratchet-teethand pawl may be reversed Without aecting the invention-that is, the pawlcarried by the loose member and the gear by the fixed member-as alsomight the position of the loose and fixed wheels.

It will be noticed that I have twenty teeth or scallops upon all of thewheels J K L and two upon each of the wheels F G, two sets of numbersfrom O to 9 being provided on all of the number-carrying wheels, so thatfor each half-revolution of the shaft the next adjacent shaft will beturned through the space of one number, which numbers are displayedthrough openings N in the front of the casing.

O represents circular plates carrying like sets of numbers secured tothe front of the machine and provided with central aportures throughwhich the key-shaft passes and with stops e, the numbers on one half ofthe plate being preferably colored different from the other half or set,so that for addition the key is turned one way and for subtraction theother way, although if a person wishes he may make more than ahalf-revolution of the machine without affecting the accuracy of themachine.

P represents disks fast upon the shafts and provided with scallopscorresponding in number to those of the numbers, and Q is a knurled knobsleeved on the end of the shaft, a suitable coil-spring f being sleevedon the shaft intermediate said knob and disk to hold said knob away, andgis an arm carried by said knob adapted to engage the scallops of saiddisk when the knob is depressed, said arm at the same time forming ashoulder to engage the stops c and prevent the parts from turning toofar, so that in the operation of the machine should it be desired toindicate 40 on the machine the operator takes the second key from theright (see Fig. 2) and engages it with the scallops at the numeral 4cand turns it toward the bottom until it engages the stop e, whenthenumeral will appear in the opening.

My machine in its simplest form will of course have but ten instead oftwenty numbers on each dial and a corresponding number of teeth on eachgear, necessitating the turning of a complete revolution of one shaftbefore a one-tenth revolution is imparted to the neXt, and it will benoticed that none of the wheels are fastened to the casing in any way,but are held from rotation by each other.

As there are times in which all of the keys must turn through the mediumof the springratchets at once, the springs in the machines havinga largenumberof keys must be made rather heavy, which prevents an easy workingof the machine, and in order to overcome this objection I have devised amodified construction (shown in Fig. 3) in which the shafts arepositively actuated by the gears J G, fast and loose upon theirrespective shafts and provided with teeth similar t0 the gears J G,which gears could be dispensed with, as the ratchet-andpawl connectionwould only act to center the parts at each tooth.

I-Iaving thus fully described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In anadding-machine the combination with the shafts and actuating meanstherefor, of two pairs of wheels on each of said shafts, one paircoperating to receive m0- tion from the next adjacent shaft to the rightand to .prevent a retrograde movement and the other pair coperating toimpart movement tothe next adjacent shaft to the left at predeterminedintervals and to prevent a retrograde movement and a ratchet-and-pawlconnection between said pairs of wheels on the same shaft, for actuatingthe one through the other.

2. In an adding-machine the combination of a series of shafts andactuating means therefor, each shaft provided with a pair of loose andfast wheels, the fast wheels on one shaft coperating with the loosewheels on the next adjacent shaft and a ratchet-and-pawl connectionbetween the two sets of wheels and actuating the one through the other.

3. The combination with a series of shafts of two sets of wheels on eachshaft, one set being loose upon the shaft and adapted to re- IOO IIO

ceive motion from the next lower shaft and the other set being fast uponthe shaft and adapted to transmit motion tothe next higher shaft, and aratchet-and-pawl connection between the two sets whereby the loose setis adapted to transmit motion in one direction to the fast set and meansfor preventing the fixed set from receiving any motion back.

i. In an adding-machine the combination with a series of shafts, eachshaft provided with a pair of loose and a pair of fast wheels, the loosewheels adapted to mesh or coperate with a set of fixed wheels on thenext shaft of lower denomination and the fixed wheels to coperate withthe loose wheels on the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination,whereby each complete revolution of the lower shaft imparts a one-tenthrevolution to the loose gear on the next highershaft and aratchet-and-pawl connection between the two sets of wheels whereby theloose gears actuate the fast gears upon said shaft.

5. In an adding-machine the combination with the casing, of aseries ofshafts, provided with wheels arranged in pairs one of each pair havingscallops to fit the periphery of the adjacent wheels and the otherprovided with diametrically oppositely disposed cutout portions topermit the other wheel to rotate through the space of one tooth and asecond pair of gears or wheels on said shafts cooperating with saidfirst-mentioned wheels to prevent the latter of the first-mentionedwheels from turning when said cut-out portion is in position to permitthe turning of the first-mentioned wheel.

G. In an adding-machine the combination with the supporting frame orcasing of a series of shafts provided with wheels arranged in pairs oneof each pair having diametrically oppositely disposed cut-out portionsand the other having scallops to fit the periphery of said wheel andprevent the scalloped wheel from turning except when in engagement withsaid cut-out portions and a second set of wheels cooperating with saidfirst-mentioned wheels to prevent the same from turning when in theiroperative position except through the medium of the shaft of lowerdenomination.

7. The combination with a series of shafts carrying the number-wheelsand means for operating the shafts, of two pairs of wheels on saidshafts, one pair fixed and adapted to transmit motion to the highershaft and the other pair loose and adapted to receive motion from thelower shaft and means for actuating the one through the other.

8. In an adding-machine, a series of shafts and a corresponding seriesof fixed and loose wheels arranged in pairs on said shafts, the loosewheels co peratin g with the fixed-wheels on the next adjacent shaft ofVlower denomination and the fixed wheels cooperating with the loosewheels on the next adjacent shaft of higher denomination and aratchet-and-pawl connection between said fixed and loose wheels on thesame shaft.

9. In an adding-machine, the combination with a series of shafts; of apair of fixed and a pair of loose Wheels on each shaft, the loose wheelson one shaft in alinement respectively with the fixed wheels on the nextadjacent shaft to the right and adapted to coperate therewith and thefixed wheels on said shaft in alinement respectively with the loosewheels on the next adjacent shaft to the left and adapted to coperatetherewith and means for transmitting motion from the loose to the fixedwheels on the same shaft and to the next adjacent shaft.

10. The combination withaseries of shafts, and operating means therefor,of a pair of loose and a pair of fast wheels on each shaft, the loosewheels adapted to mesh or coperate with a set of fixed wheels on thenext shaft to the right and the fixed wheels to coperate with the loosewheels on the next adjacent shaft to the left whereby each completerevolution of the lower shaft imparts a one-tenth revolution to theloose gear on the next higher shaft and a ratchet-and-pawl connectionbetween the two sets of wheels whereby the loose gears actuate the fastgears upon said shaft in one direction only and transmit motion to thenext adjacent shaft of higher denomination at predetermined intervals.

ll. The combination with the casing of a series of shafts, each shaftcarrying a number-wheel having a duplicate set of numbers from 0 to 9adapted to be displayed through openings in the casing a correspondingset of fixed numbers on the casing, a disk fast on each shaft and havinga correspond ing number of scallops, a knob sleeved. on the shaft andhaving a ,finger adapted to engage said scallops, a spring sleeved onthe shaft, adapted to normally hold said finger out of engagement withthe scallops and a stop to limit the combined movement of said fingerand disk.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JUDAH LEVIN.

Witnesses:

JACOB LEvIN, Oruro F. BARTHEL.

IOC

